Tuesday, July 22, 2008

Ars Moriendi, The Art Of Dying
Master of the Blumenrahmen After Master ES - Temptation In Faith, Engraving with hand-colouring, 1450-1470

"Ars moriendi ("The Art of Dying") is the name of two related Latin texts dating from about 1415 and 1450 which offer advice on the protocols and procedures of a good death and on how to "die well", according to Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. It was written within the historical context of the effects of the macabre horrors of the Black Death 60 years earlier and consequent social upheavals of the 15th century. It was very popular, translated into most West European languages, and was the first in a western literary tradition of guides to death and dying.

There was originally a "long version" and then a later "short version" containing eleven woodcut pictures as instructive images which could be easily explained and memorized." - quote taken from article at Wikipedia.

Master of the Blumenrahmen After Master ES - Suggestion of humbleness against haughtiness, Engraving with hand-colouring, 1450-1470

Master of the Blumenrahmen After Master ES - Temptation Through Haughtiness, Engraving with hand-colouring, 1450-1470

Master of the Blumenrahmen After Master ES - Temptation Through Despair, Engraving with hand-colouring, 1450-1470

Master of the Blumenrahmen After Master ES - Temptation Through Avarice, Engraving with hand-colouring, 1450-1470

Master MZ, engraving 1500-1510
"The triumph over all temptations at the moment of death; a monk at the bedside with a candle; the man's soul welcomed by a group of angels; Christ on the Cross with the Virgin, St John and a large group of saints at upper left; devils making last, desperate efforts to claim the soul; from a series of illustrations to an unidentified Ars Moriendi edition."

Master MZ, engraving 1500-1510
"Vanity, the fifth temptation; the Virgin, Christ and God looking on as devils bring crowns to the deathbed; from a series of illustrations to an unidentified Ars Moriendi edition."

Master MZ, engravingh 1500-1510
"Despair, the second temptation; the deathbed surrounded by devils reminding the dying man of his sins, at left also a male and female figure; from a series of illustrations to an unidentified Ars Moriendi edition."

Most prints found at The British Museum online collection.

An article on Ars Moriendi can be viewed at the death reference website.

Additional woodcuts depicting scenes of the art of dying can be viewed here.

Lastly, you'll find an excellent article with numerous illustrations, two of which I've posted below, related to Ars moriendi in this post at BibliOdyssey.


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